ABSTRACT
White strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus are more difficult to cultivate than are brown strains; therefore, new white strain breeding strategies are required. Accordingly, we constructed the genetic map of H. marmoreus. with 1996 SNP markers on 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1380.49 cM. Prior to analysis, 82 backcrossed strains (HM8 lines) were generated by mating between KMCC03106-31 and the progenies of the F1 hybrid (Hami-18 × KMCC03106-93). Using HM8, the first 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits were detected with high limit of detection (LOD) scores (1.98–9.86). The length, thickness, and hardness of the stipe were colocated on LG 1. Especially, length of stipe and thickness of stipe were highly correlated given that the correlation coefficients were negative (−0.39, p value ≤ .01). And a typical biomodal distribution was observed for lightness of the pileus and the lightness of the pileus trait belonged to the LG 8, as did traits of earliness and mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Therefore, results for color traits can be suggested that color is controlled by a multi-gene of one locus. The yield trait was highly negatively correlated with the traits for thickness of the stipe (−0.45, p value ≤ .01). Based on additive effects, the white strain was confirmed as recessive; however, traits of mycelial growth, lightness, and quality were inherited by backcrossed HM8 lines. This new genetic map, finely mapped QTLs, and the strong selection markers could be used in molecular breeding of H. marmoreus.
ABSTRACT
Pleurotus species are commercially essential mushrooms and widely cultivated throughout the world. The production of Pleurotus mushrooms alone accounts for around 25% of that total cultivated mushrooms globally. In America and Europe, Pleurotus species are considered specialty mushrooms, whereas, in Korea, their cultivation is economically profitable, and it is one of the highly consumed species. Pleurotus species are predominantly found in tropical forests and often grow on fallen branches, dead and decaying tree stumps, and wet logs. Biographical studies have shown that the Pleurotus genus is among the more conspicuous fungi that induce wood decay in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide due to its formidable lignin-modifying enzymes, including laccase and versatile peroxidases. Pleurotus species can be grown easily due to their fast colonization nature on diversified agro-substrates and their biological efficiency 100%. Pleurotus mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals. These mushrooms are abundant in functional bioactive molecules, though to influence health. Pleurotus mushrooms are finding unique applications as flavoring, aroma, and excellent preservation quality. Apart from its unique applications, Pleurotus mushrooms have a unique status delicacy with high nutritional and medicinal values. The present review provides an insight into the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. using different agro-waste as growth substances paying attention to their effects on the growth and chemical composition.
ABSTRACT
Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom, is widely cultivated throughout the world. To breed new strains with more desirable traits and improved adaptability, diverse germplasm, including wild accessions, is a valuable genetic resource. To better understand the genetic diversity available in A. bisporus and identify previously unknown diversity within accessions, a phylogenetic analysis of 360 Agaricus spp. accessions using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed. Genetic relationships were compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) among accessions with known origins and accessions with limited collection data. The accessions clustered into four groups based on the PCoA with regard to genetic relationships. A subset of 67 strains, which comprised a core collection where repetitive and uninformative accessions were not included, clustered into 7 groups following analysis. Two of the 170 accessions with limited collection data were identified as wild germplasm. The core collection allowed for the accurate analysis of A. bisporus genetic relationships, and accessions with an unknown pedigree were effectively grouped, allowing for origin identification, by PCoA analysis in this study.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The combined use of liquid media and solid media is recommended for mycobacterial culture. We evaluated diagnostic performance of combination of BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT; Becton Dickinson, USA) and 2% Ogawa media (Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korea) for recovery of mycobacteria. METHODS: In September 2007, 1,764 specimens from 1,059 patients were cultured with MGIT and Ogawa. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear was fluorochrome-stained. The isolates were identified into Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) with PCR using Seeplex TB Detection Kit (Seegene, Korea). Recovery rate, time to detection (TTD), contamination rate, mixed growth rate and species distribution were analyzed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-five specimens (13.3%) from 165 patients (15.6%) were positive for mycobacterial culture. Recovery rates of mycobacteria from the group using both media, MGIT only, and Ogawa only were 13.3%, 12.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. While MGIT recovered 98.9% of MTB and 79.7% of NTM, Ogawa recovered 65.9% of MTB and 54.1% of NTM. TTDs of total mycobacteria/MTB/NTM in MGIT and Ogawa were 10.6/11.4/9.7 days and 31/29/33 days, respectively. MGIT TTDs of total mycobacteria/MTB/NTM from AFB-positive specimens were significantly shorter than those of AFB-negative specimens; 8.2/9.5/4.4 days vs 11.6/12.7/10.7 days. Contamination and mixed growth rate of MGIT were 9.6% and 3.7%. Primary culture of Ogawa recovered 1 MTB and 1 NTM among the 170 MGIT-contaminated specimens and 38 mycobacteria among 66 specimens that showed mixed cultures of MGIT. CONCLUSIONS: MGIT warrants sensitive and rapid isolation of mycobacteria. However, the combination of MGIT and Ogawa is more desirable to recover mycobacteria in the case of contaminations or mixed cultures.